Avocado Cultivation: Effective Propagation Methods and Ideal Rootstocks
13 January 2024, New Delhi: Avocado propagation and the selection of appropriate rootstocks are crucial aspects of successful cultivation. Here’s an overview of the best practices and considerations:
Propagation Methods
Seed Propagation
- Seed Viability: Avocado seeds remain viable for a short period (2 to 3 weeks). However, storing seeds in dry peat or sand at 5°C can extend their viability.
- Germination: Removing the seed coat before sowing accelerates germination.
- Sowing: Seeds from mature fruits are sown in nurseries or polyethylene bags. After 6-8 months, seedlings are ready for transplanting.
- Fruit Production: Seedling trees begin bearing fruit at 10-15 years, yielding approximately 300 to 400 fruits annually.
Vegetative Propagation
- Budding and Grafting: These techniques help establish selected varietal clones. Double grafting, while effective, is costly and time-consuming.
- Cleft Grafting: This method, performed in September and March, is suitable for India’s humid tropical conditions.
- Other Techniques: Layering, inarching, and chip-budding are additional methods used for vegetative propagation.
Rootstocks in Avocado Production
Rootstocks significantly influence avocado growth, yield, and adaptability to environmental conditions.
- Mexican Rootstocks: Highly valued for their adaptability.
- Popular Varieties:
- ‘Dusa’: The most popular rootstock.
- ‘Duke 7’ and ‘Bounty’: Widely used.
- West Indian Stocks: Preferred in warmer regions or areas with salinity issues.
By employing the right propagation techniques and selecting suitable rootstocks, avocado cultivation can be optimized for better yield and adaptability.
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