Gujarat Bans Conocarpus Tree Due to Environmental and Health Concerns
08 January 2024, New Delhi: The Gujarat government has officially banned the Conocarpus tree, citing significant health and environmental risks. Originally introduced to India as an ornamental species, Conocarpus, native to Africa, has become a cause for concern due to its adverse ecological and health impacts.
The state’s forest department issued a circular on September 26, 2023, prohibiting the planting and seeding of Conocarpus in both forest and non-forest areas, including nurseries and plantations. The directive, signed by S.K. Chaturvedi, Principal Chief Conservator of Forests, highlighted the tree’s harmful effects on infrastructure and human health. Its invasive root system has been reported to damage telecommunication cables, drains, and pipelines, while its pollen has been linked to respiratory illnesses such as asthma and allergies, particularly during winter.
Ecological and Health Impacts
Ecologists and conservationists have welcomed the ban, pointing out the tree’s minimal ecological benefits. The species is not resourceful for native insects, birds, or animals, disrupting the local food web and biodiversity. Wildlife researcher Pankaj Joshi described Conocarpus as a “green desert,” emphasizing its inability to support the ecosystem.
Botanist Minoo H. Parabia and conservation biologist Dharmendra Khandal also raised concerns about the health impacts of exotic monoculture species like Conocarpus, including the rise in pollen-related respiratory issues. They stressed the importance of prioritizing native plant species that support local biodiversity.
Conocarpus Plantations in Gujarat
The Conocarpus tree gained popularity in Gujarat due to its fast growth and ability to thrive in harsh conditions. Large-scale plantations were undertaken in various regions, including Bhuj’s Smritivan memorial and Vadodara’s ‘Mission Million Trees’ initiative. Additionally, Conocarpus saplings were planted along the Sabarmati Riverfront in Ahmedabad and in Rajkot’s Ram Van.
However, concerns about its ecological drawbacks have led to a shift in priorities. The forest department has begun removing Conocarpus trees from forest areas, encouraging the planting of native species instead. Deputy Conservator of Forests Yuvrajsinh Zala stated that native trees, which provide food for birds and support local ecosystems, are now being prioritized.
A Call for Native Species
Experts argue that native species are better suited to local climates and are essential for maintaining biodiversity. Eco-development consultant Dhaivat Hathi highlighted that exotic trees, despite their initial appeal, often create long-term issues. “If we continue introducing exotic plants, we’ll face similar problems with other species in the future,” Hathi warned.
Deputy Conservator of Forests and botanist Minal Jani praised the ban as a step toward preserving Gujarat’s indigenous flora. “Protecting native tree species is crucial for future generations to understand and appreciate the importance of local biodiversity,” Jani said.
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